What It Is
Isotretinoin belongs to a class of medicines called retinoids, which are related to vitamin A. It is taken by mouth as a capsule.
What It's Used For
Isotretinoin is generally used to treat severe acne, particularly nodular or cystic acne, and acne that has not improved with other treatments such as antibiotics and creams. It can produce long-lasting improvement after a course of several months.
How It Works
Isotretinoin shrinks the oil-producing glands in the skin and reduces the amount of oil they make. It also helps prevent pores from becoming blocked, reduces inflammation, and lowers the growth of acne-related bacteria indirectly. Together, these effects address the main causes of acne.
History and Regulatory Status
Isotretinoin came into medical use in the early 1980s. It is a strictly controlled prescription medicine because it can cause serious birth defects if taken during pregnancy. Women who could become pregnant must use reliable contraception before, during, and after treatment, and pregnancy tests are required. It is prescribed and monitored by doctors, usually dermatologists, and side effects such as dry skin, dry lips, and changes in blood tests need regular follow-up.